This became known as the neuron doctrine, one of the central tenets of modern neuroscience. Cajal proposed that neurons were discrete cells that communicated with each other via specialized junctions, or spaces, between cells. The neuron's role as the primary functional unit of the nervous system was first recognised in the early 20th century through the work of the Spanish anatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal. 5 Adaptations to carrying action potentials.The fundamental process that triggers synaptic transmission is the action potential, a propagating electrical signal that is generated by exploiting the electrically excitable membrane of the neuron.
Neurons communicate via chemical and electrical synapses, in a process known as synaptic transmission. However, there is great heterogeneity throughout the nervous system and the animal kingdom, in the size, shape and function of neurons. The majority of vertebrate neurons receive input on the cell body and dendritic tree, and transmit output via the axon. Neurons are typically composed of a soma, or cell body, a dendritic tree and an axon. In vertebrate animals, neurons are the core structural components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Neurons (also known as neurones, nerve cells and nerve fibers) are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that function to process and transmit information. (B) Denotes granule cells which are multipolar.
(A) Denotes Purkinje cells, an example of a bipolar neuron. For the journal of the same name, see Neuron (journal)ĭrawing by Santiago Ramón y Cajal of neurons in the pigeon cerebellum.
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